In mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of. It is often denoted using the percent sign, "%", or the abbreviation "pct". For example, 45% is equal to 45/100, or 0.45.
Percentages are used to express how large/small one quantity is, relative to another quantity. The first quantity usually represents a part of, or a change in, the second quantity, which should be greater than zero.
The fundamental concept to remember when performing calculations with percentages is that the percent symbol can be treated as being equivalent to the pure number constant 1 / 100 = 0.01 , for example 35% of 300 can be written as (35/100) × 300 = 105.
To find the percentage that a single unit represents out of a whole of N units, divide 100% by N.
For instance, if you have 1250 apples, and you want to find out what percentage of these 1250 apples a single apple represents, 100%/1250 = (100/1250)% provides the answer of 0.08%. So, if you give away one apple, you have given away 0.08% of the apples you had. Then, if instead you give away 100 apples, you have given away 100 × 0.08% = 8% of your 1250 apples.
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